Bombshell Page 29

  12 CNN, “One Woman’s War,” op. cit.

  13 Wall Street Journal, September 11, 2002; Los Angeles Times, September 11, 2002.

  14 Lawrence Wright, “My Trip to Al Qaeda.” HBO Documentaries, September 7, 2010.

  15 Sid Ahmed Hammouche, La Prison pour Malika el Aroud, icone D’Al Qaeda en Europe, Rue 89, La Liberte, May 11, 2010, www.rue89.com/2010/05/11la-prison-pour-malika-el-aroud-icone-dalqaeda-en-europe-150963

  16 Stephen Wright, “Woman Who Preached Jihad on the Internet Charged with Five Other al Qaeda Militants Over Plot to Kill EU Leaders,” Mail Online, December 12, 2008.

  17 Scott Stewart, STRATFOR, the Curious Case of Adlène Hicheur, ee-online, www.stratfor.com; www.eesti.ca/?op=article&articleid=25664

  18 Nic Robertson, “Belgian Al Qaeda Cell Linked to 2006 airline plot,” CNN, www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/10/belgium.terror/index.html “Alerta en la Inteligencia europea ante posibles nuevos atentados de Al Qaeda en Francia y Bruselas,” May 16, 2009, http://globedia.com/alerta-inteligencia-europea-posible-atentado-qaeda-francia-brusela

  19 Cited by Paul Cruickshank, “Love in the Time of Terror,” Marie Claire magazine, May 18, 2009.

  20 CNN, “One Woman’s War,” op. cit.

  21 Elaine Sciolino and Souad Mekhennet, “Al Qaeda Warrior Uses Internet to Rally Women,” New York Times, May 28, 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/05/28/world/europe/28terror.html

  22 Malika el Aroud’s signature line from her jihadi website, www.minbar-sos.com

  23 Malika el Aroud, www.minbar-sos.com, December 13, 2007.

  24 Malika el Aroud, Les Soldats de la Lumière.

  25 Panorama Program, Al Arabiyah television, December 16, 2008.

  26 Claude Moniquet, president of the Brussels-based European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center, cited by Elaine Sciolino and Souad Mekhennet, “Al Qaeda Warrior Uses Internet to Rally Women,” New York Times, op. cit.

  27 CNN, One Woman’s War, op. cit.

  28 Sciolino and Mekhennet, op. cit.

  29 “European Gang Trained for Terror,” CNN, July 31, 2009, http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/07/30/robertson.al.qaeda.europe/index.html

  30 “8 jar cel voor Malika el Aroud,” (8-year sentence for Malika el Aroud), DeMorgen.be, Belgium, May 10, 2010, www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/989/Binnenland/article/detail/1104029/2010/05/10/8-jaarcel-voor-Malika-El-Aroud.dhtml

  31 David Cook, “Women Fighting Jihad?” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, vol. 28, pp. 375–84, p. 375.

  32 “Milanese Wife Converts to Islam for Love,” La Stampa, Milan, November 14, 2003, http://archivio.lastampa.it/LaStampaArchivio/main/History/tmpl_viewObj.jsp?objid=4841320

  33 http://media.nbcphiladelphia.com/documents/JihadJane.pdf

  34 “Al Qaeda puts bounties on heads of Swedes,” AFP, in The Local, September 15, 2007, www.thelocal.se/8498/20070915

  35 “Al Khansa’a, Poetess of Courage and Pride,” Arab News, 5/27/1998, www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/980527/1998052703.html

  36 Javid Hassan, “Women Come Out Against Extremist Internet Magazine,” Arabic News, September 7, 2004, http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=1§ion=0&article=51115&d=7&m=9&y=2004

  37 Quoted in Loch Johnson, Strategic Intelligence, vol. 1, London: Praeger Security International, 2006, p. 173.

  38 Farhana Ali, “Rising Female Bombers in Iraq, An Alarming Trend,” http://counterterrorismblog.org/2008/04/rising_female_bombers_in_iraq.php

  39 Interviews with Iraqi war veterans, USMC, and Special Forces, November 2009.

  40 Craig S. Smith, “Raised as Catholic in Belgium, She Died as a Muslim Bomber,” New York Times, December 6, 2005, www.nytimes.com/2005/12/06/international/europe/06brussels.html?_r=1&th&emc=th

  41 Anthony Browne and Rory Watson, “The girl who went from baker’s assistant to Baghdad bomber,” The Times, December 2, 2005, www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article744833.ece

  42 Paul Wilkinson, “Zarqawi’s Death and the Iraqi Insurgency,” National Public Radio, www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5459914

  43 Interviews with the author, Fort Bragg, 2007.

  44 “Increase in Female Bombers Raises Concern,” CBS News, January 4, 2008, www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/04/iraq/main3677485.shtml

  45 Al Arabiya Television, July 29, 2008.

  46 Farhana Ali, op. cit.

  47 “Iraqi TV Broadcasts Statements of Women who Reportedly Attacked Checkpoint,” Fox News, April 4, 2003, www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,83169,00.html

  48 Mia Bloom, “Female Suicide Bombers: A Global Trend,” Daedalus (Winter 2007), p. 7.

  49 “Sisters in Jihad,” www.iraqi-alamal.org/Doc/somaya.pdf

  50 Aqeel Hussein and Damien McElroy, “Mother of All Suicide Bombers Warns of Rise in Attacks,” Daily Telegraph, November 15, 2008, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/3464411/Mother-of-all-suicide-bombers-warns-of-rise-in-attacks.html

  51 Uthman al Mukhtar, “Al Arab Opens the File of Female Suicide Bombers in the Land of the Two Rivers,” Al Arab Online, Doha, June 25, 2008.

  52 Farhana Ali, op. cit.

  53 Al Arabiya Television, July 29, 2008.

  54 Al Arabiya Television, “The Death Industry,” October 3, 2008.

  55 In one recent story she was referred to as Rania Al Anbaki. Ali Mohammed, “Would be suicide bomber recalls failed mission.” ICR Issue 348, August 5, 2010, http://iwpr.net/report-news/would-be-suicide-bomber-recalls-failed-mission

  56 Muhammed Al Tammimi, “Concern Over the Kidnapping of Girls for Use in Suicide Attacks,” Al Hayah, London, October 10, 2008.

  57 Niqash article, “Sumaya, A Fortunate Iraqi Female Suicide Bomber Among Al Qaida’s Women,” Awan, Kuwait, August 23, 2008.

  58 Khoulud Ramzi, “Sumaya Reluctant Suicide Bomber,” August 12, 2008, www.iraqi-alamal.org/Doc/somya.pdf also at www.niqash.org/content.php?contentTypeID=75&id=2275&lang=0

  59 Al Arabiya Television, July 6, 2008.

  60 Several Halliburton employees (e.g., Jaime Lee Jones) are claiming to have been raped by U.S. soldiers. Also, many of the returning soldiers have come home with post-traumatic stress disorder, which has resulted in an upsurge of domestic violence, suicide, and killing of spouses. The 4th Infantry’s Second Battalion (the “Lethal Warriors”) have had eight members accused of murder or attempted murder since 2007. Upon his return from Iraq, one soldier from the company, Robert Marko Hull, raped and slit the throat of a nineteen-year-old learning-disabled woman. See Tim McGirk, “The Hell of PTSD,” Time, November 30, 2009, pp. 41–43.

  61 In Algeria, Al Qaeda-affiliated groups have had male recruits raped to prepare them to be suicide bombers. Intense social stigma and fear of more gay sex attacks leaves Muslims prepared to die. According to news reports, there was a large tear in the terrorist’s anus to confirm the allegations of sexual abuse. One of the young terrorists was aged twenty-two, from Diar El Djemaâ, El Harrach, and was supposed to execute a suicide operation in the region of Boumerdes. “Al Qaeda accused of using male rape to ‘create’ suicide bombers,” Pink News, February 4, 2009, www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-11023.html

  62 Steven Lee Myers, “Iraq Arrests Woman Tied to Bombings,” New York Times, February 4, 2009.

  63 Ibid.

  64 “16 Killed as Veiled Female Bomber Hits Police Station,” Kuwaiti Times, April 11, 2007, www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=NDI2MTY1NTE2

  65 Islamic Front for Iraqi Resistance, JAMI, August 8, 2008.

  66 Al Arabiyah Television, July 6, 2008.

  67 The name derives from the Qur’an—Asma, Abu Bakr’s daughter and Aisha’s sister, cut a piece of cloth from her waist belt and tied the mouth of the leather bag with it; she tore it in two and gave one piece to the Prophet Muhammed (PBUH). For that reason she was named dhat al nitaqayn, the “One with Two Waist Belts.”

  68 Kaishan al Bayati, “Supervision Is Tightened against Women; Officials Fear Female Suicide Bombers in Baghdad,” Al Arab online, Doha, June 25, 2008.

 
; 69 Lawrence Wright, The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11, New York: Knopf, 2006; see also Steve Coll, The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century, New York: Penguin, 2008.

  70 “Women plead with Al Qaeda to join jihad: report.” Al Arabiya, June 2, 2008, www.alarabiya.net/articles/2008/06/02/50858.html.

  71 Umayma Al Zawahiri, “Risalat illah al Akhawat al Muslimat” (Letter to my Muslim Sisters), www.jihadica.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/umayma-al-zawahiri-risala-jan-2010.pdf. See also Nelly Lahoud, “Umayma Al Zawahiri on Women’s Role in Jihad,” February 26, 2010, the-real-islam.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=315

  72 Bin Ladin, www.tawhed.ws/pr?i=7839

  73 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission of Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, New York: W.W. Norton, 2004.

  74 www.forsanelhaq.com/showthread.php?t=49656 (p. 27).

  75 Nelly Lahoud, The Jihadis Path to Self-destruction, New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.

  76 “Martyr Operations: A Means of Jihad,” Bayynat, the website of the religious authority Sayyid Muhammed Hussein Fadlallah, http://english.bayynat.org.lb/news/martyr.htm

  77 Islam on-Line, Ask a Scholar, Dr. ‘Abdel Fattah Idrees, professor of Comparative Jurisprudence, Al Azhar University, “Muslim Women Participating in Jihad,” www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503544310

  78 Annette Ramelsberger, “Converted to Female Warrior,” Sueddeutsche Zeitung, Munich, June 1, 2006.

  79 “Fatwa of Doctor Yusuf al Qaradawi regarding the employment of women in Martyrdom operations” www.palestine-info.info/arabic/fatawa/alamaliyat/qaradawi1.htm

  80 Forum posted on a jihadi website by the UK-based cleric Hani al Siba’i, August 1, 2008.

  81 Dr. Muhammed al Habash, Al Thawrah, Damascus, May 8, 2009.

  8 The Four Rs plus One

  1 Peter Bergen, “The Battle for Tora Bora: How Osama bin Laden Slipped from Our Grasp: The Definitive Account,” The New Republic, December 22, 2009.

  2 Jessica Stern, “When Bombers Are Women,” Washington Post, December 18, 2003.

  3 Author interviews with U.S. Marines deployed in Diyala Province 2006–2007, names withheld for security reasons, November 2009.

  4 Eric Schechter, “Where Have All the Bombers Gone?” The Jerusalem Post, August 9, 2004.

  5 Michael J. Mazarr, Review of Assaf Moghadam’s The Globalization of Martyrdom, Perspectives on Politics, vol. 7, Issue 4, December 2009, p. 992.

  6 Clara Beyler, “Using Palestinian Women as Bombs,” New York Sun, November 15, 2006.

  7 Anat Berko and Edna Erez, “Gender, Palestinian Women, and Terrorism: Women’s Liberation or Oppression?” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, vol. 30, Issue 6, June 2007, pp. 493–519.

  8 Ibid.

  9 “Taliban Puts Afghan Boy in Suicide Vest,” USA Today, www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-25-afghan-boy-bomber_N.htm

  10 David Montero, “In Her Boarding Schools, Lily Munir Teaches Women and Children Their Religion Supports Gender Equality,” Christian Science Monitor, October 28, 2008.

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